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<text id=89TT0958>
<link 93TO0069>
<link 91TT2017>
<link 90TT3140>
<title>
Apr. 10, 1989: What The Comrades Say
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
Apr. 10, 1989 The New USSR
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
THE UNION, Page 62
WHAT THE COMRADES SAY
</hdr>
<body>
<p>In the most extensive Soviet poll on perestroika ever conducted
for a foreign publication, TIME discovers surprising candor--and
more than a little dissension
</p>
<p>By Vsevolod Marinov
</p>
<p>How's he doin'?
</p>
<p> Not bad--but...According to a TIME poll of more than
1,000 Moscow residents, Mikhail Gorbachev's approval rating
stands at 79%. Buoyed by the success of his U.S. visit,
Gorbachev enjoyed a popularity rating of 92% in December. By
March, those who expressed doubts climbed from 5% to about 12%,
reflecting the reality of shortages and dissatisfaction with the
progress of perestroika.
</p>
<p> Seventy-one percent agree that Gorbachev's reform program
is encountering difficulties, and 20% think it has been braked,
but only 1 out of 10 believes that perestroika is a deviation
from Marxism-Leninism. Though 1 out of 4 says his material life
has improved in the past three years, another 25% (and 34% of
people over 60) say things have got worse.
</p>
<p> Glasnost remains Gorbachev's biggest hit. Only 10%,
obviously the conservative traditionalists, contend that there
is too much openness, with more than one-fifth of those over 60
claiming that glasnost has already gone too far. Young people
are the most eager to press openness to the limit. In the
under-30 group, 37% demand more glasnost.
</p>
<p> There are signs that Gorbachev's revolution has in fact
engendered "new thinking" within the Communist Party. When
party members are asked the touchy question of whether the
Soviet Union might someday have a multiparty system, an
impressive 36% express readiness to entertain the notion. Among
the general public, 40% of the men thought the Communist Party
would eventually have competition, while women were more
conservative, with only 27% taking that view. Another surprise:
even after decades of official atheism, half of all party
members say religious believers can also be members of the
Communist Party.
</p>
<p> If Gorbachev is wondering how Soviet history will judge
him, he will do well to remember that the country's leaders tend
to die twice: once in body and soul, and later in public
opinion. While Joseph Stalin and Leonid Brezhnev were accorded
elaborate state funerals, their reputations since then have
changed quite markedly. Stalin is viewed negatively by 62% and
positively by only 7%, though that rating is almost double among
people who see perestroika as a deviation from Marxism-Leninism.
</p>
<p> Brezhnev has suffered an even more dramatic fall from
grace. His strongest negative rating, 80%, comes from Communist
Party members who bitterly blame him for abusing his post and
causing the party's prestige to decline. On the other hand,
Nikita Khrushchev, a reformer of sorts who was thrown out of
office and saw his reputation tarnished before he died, is
enjoying a modest boost in popularity. More than 29% view him
favorably, compared with only 5% for Brezhnev.
</p>
<p> Unless Gorbachev can deliver on his promises of a better
life, his popularity is likely to slip further. What may work
to Gorbachev's benefit is the fact that only one-fourth of
those polled expect their lives to improve. With expectations
that low, Gorbachev may never find himself in the ratings
cellar.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>